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What are the challenges in structural design for irregularly shaped buildings?

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The structural design of non-standard geometric buildings represents the most critical and challenging aspect of their realization. The difficulties extend far beyond merely “how to make it stand,” permeating the entire process from concept development and calculations through construction and use. Below are the primary challenges in the structural design of non-standard geometric buildings, presented in order from core to derivative issues: 1. Core Mechanical Challenge: Non-Standard Load Paths In traditional buildings (such as rectangular boxes), load transfer paths are clear and direct: floor slab → beam → column → foundation → ground. Forces are primarily transmitted vertically downward. In contrast, load paths in irregularly shaped structures are often highly complex and convoluted. Challenge: Forces do not obediently travel straight downward. They “detour” through curved surfaces, diagonal bracing, and irregular grids, generating massive torsional forces, bending moments, and hor...
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Bolt Ball Testing Methods

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 Bolt Ball Testing Methods

bolt ball



1, bolt ball and manufacturing bolt ball nodes need materials, its varieties, specifications, performance, etc. should comply with national product standards and design requirements.
Inspection methods: check the quality of the product qualified documents, Chinese signs and inspection reports, etc.
2、Bolt ball shall not have burn, crack and crease.
Inspection method: Sample part of each specification of bolt ball, observe with 10 times magnifying glass and surface inspection.
3, bolt ball thread size and thread tolerance should be in line with the current national standard provisions.
Inspection method: check a part of each specification of the bolt ball and measure it with a standard thread gauge.
4, bolt ball diameter, roundness, adjacent two bolt hole centre line angle and other dimensions and allowable deviation should be in line with the local steel structure acceptance regulations.
5、Inspection method: Sample a portion of each specification of bolt ball and check if it conforms to the specified value with calipers and indexing head gauge.
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Suspension structures

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