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How do China, the United States and Europe account for accidental eccentricity in seismic design?

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  Regulations and Methods for Considering Accidental Eccentricity Effects in Seismic Design in China, the United States and Europe 1. Regulatory Basis ● China The Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) stipulates that accidental eccentricity must account for uncertainties in structural mass distribution, stiffness distribution, and spatial variations in seismic motion. Torsional effects shall be calculated using either static or dynamic methods. ● United States ASCE 7-22 (American Society of Civil Engineers Standard) requires consideration of accidental torsional effects, typically calculated using static methods, with verification through dynamic analysis results. ● Europe Eurocode 8 (EN 1998-1:2004) simulates the misalignment between mass centres and stiffness centres by introducing accidental eccentricity, and mandates consideration of the effects of bidirectional seismic actions . 2. Definition and Values of Random Eccentricity ● China Eccentricity: ±5% of the ...

What is the difference between Glass floss and rock wool?

 What is the difference between Glass floss and rock wool?


Glass floss

Glass floss


rock wool

Rock wool

1.The difference in production materials

Glass floss is made of glass as the main raw material

Rock wool is made of exquisite basalt as the main material

2.the difference in product use

Glass floss is generally used for insulation parts below 200 degrees Celsius, mostly for general building or low temperature pipeline insulation.

Rock wool is generally used for insulation parts with a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius, mostly used for insulation of high-temperature heat pipes or electric power equipment.



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