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What is a shear key in steel structures?

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 In steel structure engineering , the column base connection serves as the pivotal interface linking the superstructure to the concrete foundation below. It must safely and reliably transmit various loads from the upper structure: vertical pressure , uplift forces , bending moments , and horizontal shear forces . When horizontal shear forces become substantial, the friction alone between the column base plate and the concrete foundation surface proves insufficient to resist them. At this juncture, a critical small component becomes indispensable—the shear key . Shear keys, as the name suggests, are structural steel connection components specifically designed to resist and transmit horizontal shear forces. Essentially, they are short steel members. Installation location: Typically welded or anchored to the base plate of a steel column (or other load-bearing components such as equipment supports ), with its lower end embedded in the concrete foundation or concrete structure cast ...
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Three construction methods of steel structure space frame

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 1、Aerial assembling method

　　Steel space frame with high altitude assembly method for installation, is first set up in the design position at the assembly bracket, and then use the crane to the space frame components pieces (or sub-blocks) up to the air design position, in the bracket for assembly. This method sometimes do not need large lifting equipment, but assembling bracket dosage, more work at height. Therefore, the high-strength bolts, steel space frame made of steel sections or bolted ball nodes of the steel pipe space frame is more appropriate, there are still some steel space frame with this method of construction.

　　2、Overall installation method

　　The whole installation method is the first space frame on the ground assembled into a whole, and then lifting equipment will be lifted to the overall design position to be fixed. This construction method does not require a tall assembly bracket, less overhead work, easy to ensure the quality of welding, but the lifting capacity of the lifting equipment needed, more complex technology. Therefore, this method is more suitable for the ball nodes of the steel space frame (especially the three-way space frame and other rod more space frame). According to the different equipment used, the overall installation method is divided into multi-machine lifting method, lever lifting method, jack lifting method and jacking method.




　　3、Multi-machine lifting method

　　This method is used for small and medium-sized space frame structure in height and weight. Before installation, the space frame on the ground for staggered assembly operations (i.e., assembly position and installation axis staggered a certain distance to avoid the position of the column). Then use multiple cranes (mostly crawler cranes or automobile cranes) to assemble a good space frame overall lifting to the top of the column above, in the air after shifting down in position fixed.

　　space frame assembly

In order to prevent the overall lifting of the space frame and the column touch, staggered distance depends on the space frame lifting process space frame and columns or columns between the legs of the net distance, generally shall not be less than 10 ~ l125px, and at the same time, to consider the convenience of the space frame assembly and the convenience of the crane work in air displacement. When needed, can consult with the design unit, will be part of the edge of the space frame of poles left until after the space frame lifting and then welding, or change part of the space frame affecting the lifting of the columns.

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Suspension structures

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What is the difference between a single-layer reticulated shell and a double-layerreticulated shell?

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