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What is a shear key in steel structures?

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 In steel structure engineering , the column base connection serves as the pivotal interface linking the superstructure to the concrete foundation below. It must safely and reliably transmit various loads from the upper structure: vertical pressure , uplift forces , bending moments , and horizontal shear forces . When horizontal shear forces become substantial, the friction alone between the column base plate and the concrete foundation surface proves insufficient to resist them. At this juncture, a critical small component becomes indispensable—the shear key . Shear keys, as the name suggests, are structural steel connection components specifically designed to resist and transmit horizontal shear forces. Essentially, they are short steel members. Installation location: Typically welded or anchored to the base plate of a steel column (or other load-bearing components such as equipment supports ), with its lower end embedded in the concrete foundation or concrete structure cast ...
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Space frame installation technology overview

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 The rods can be made of a variety of materials, mainly steel pipes or profiles. This structure appeared in Europe before the Second World War, but the real large-scale application came after the war. At that time, the space frame structure replaced the reinforced concrete structure in many occasions with its factory production, on-site installation, convenient construction, labor saving and other advantages.

The vigorous development of the space frame structure is due to its series of advantages. The first is that the space frame can play a spatial role, because all the rods can participate in the work and have good mechanical performance, its stiffness and integrity are better than the general plane structure, and can effectively withstand a variety of asymmetric loads, concentrated loads and dynamic loads. The overall force of all the bars in the space frame also shows its excellent anti-seismic characteristics under earthquake action. Secondly, the production and installation of the space frame structure is more convenient. Rods and nodes can be produced in the factory, so that the on-site workload is reduced to a low level, and there is no need for complex technology, which is convenient for the construction of the space frame frame industrialization, in addition, China has also created some simple and effective installation methods in the construction of the space frame frame, and there are professional construction teams for installation.

In China, the first space frame structure was first used on the roof of the ball hall of Shanghai Normal Fan University in 1964, the 31.5m×40.5m size of the space frame welded with Angle steel, which set off a new page in the history of China's spatial structure. After more than 20 years of development, the space frame structure has been spread all over the country and has become a main form of roof structure.



Because the construction of the space frame structure is more complex than the general plane structure, because it can not play a spatial role before being assembled into a whole, the space frame structure has been gradually promoted in the large-span stadium, and a variety of installation methods have been used in the construction, and a series of installation technologies with Chinese characteristics have been created. For example, Shanghai Stadium local assembly, overall lifting, high-altitude displacement installation methods, in the 1970s, there were divided production, high-altitude slip assembly, local assembly, overall lifting and other installation methods. The improvement and innovation of these methods have played a strong role in promoting the further application of the space frame frame on the large and medium span roof.

In the 1980s, when Tangshan was rebuilt after the earthquake disaster, the seismic performance of the space frame was considered to be better than that of the general plane structure. In Tangshan gear factory joint workshop, Tangshan locomotive and rolling stock factory, bus assembly workshop and other projects have adopted tens of thousands of square meters of space frame structure. Entering the 1990s, large-scale space frame structures in industrial plants are more common, and their scale is also rapidly increasing.

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Suspension structures

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What is the difference between a single-layer reticulated shell and a double-layerreticulated shell?

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