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What are the challenges in structural design for irregularly shaped buildings?

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The structural design of non-standard geometric buildings represents the most critical and challenging aspect of their realization. The difficulties extend far beyond merely “how to make it stand,” permeating the entire process from concept development and calculations through construction and use. Below are the primary challenges in the structural design of non-standard geometric buildings, presented in order from core to derivative issues: 1. Core Mechanical Challenge: Non-Standard Load Paths In traditional buildings (such as rectangular boxes), load transfer paths are clear and direct: floor slab → beam → column → foundation → ground. Forces are primarily transmitted vertically downward. In contrast, load paths in irregularly shaped structures are often highly complex and convoluted. Challenge: Forces do not obediently travel straight downward. They “detour” through curved surfaces, diagonal bracing, and irregular grids, generating massive torsional forces, bending moments, and hor...
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What are the components of a bolted ball node?

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 The bolt ball node is mainly composed of the following parts:


Steel ball:
Material: forged or cast solid steel ball, but the inner part is actually hollow to reduce weight.

Role: As the core component of the connection, the steel ball is drilled and turned out according to the angle of convergence of the net frame rods, and is used to connect with the bolts.

Bolt:
Material: high strength bolt to ensure the reliability and durability of the connection.
Role: Connect the steel pipe members and steel balls together by bolts to form a whole structure. The diameter and length of the bolts are selected according to the force demand.

Sleeve:
Shape: usually a hexagonal sleeve for easy screwing.
Role: Sleeve on the screw of the bolt, by unscrewing the sleeve can drive the bolt to rotate, so as to realise the connection between the bolt and the steel ball.

Pins or screws:
Function: used to fix the bolt and sleeve together, preventing the sleeve from falling off in the process of unscrewing. The diameter and length of the pin or screw should match the sleeve and bolt.

Cone head or seal plate:
Material: the same material as the steel pipe rod to ensure the welding quality.
Function: Welded on both ends of the steel pipe rod, used to place the bolts and connect with the sleeve. The design of the cone head or sealing plate can be adjusted according to the force requirements.

These parts together constitute the bolt ball node, which realises the reliable connection between the steel pipe rod and the steel ball through the matching connection of bolts, sleeves, pins or screws, and conical head or sealing plate. This node form has the advantages of strong adaptability, reliable connection, easy installation and disassembly, etc., and is widely used in large-span space structures.

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What is a coal bunker?

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Coal bunker , is a structure used for storing coal. Coal bunkers play an important role in thermal power plants, coal mines and coal marshalling stations. Depending on the specific application scenario and design, there are various types of coal bunkers, such as circular coal bunkers, square coal bunkers and open coal yards. Safety Management of coal bunkers Preventing spontaneous combustion of coal: Since coal itself contains certain moisture and volatile substances, long-term exposure to the air may lead to spontaneous combustion, so the safe management of coal bunkers is of great significance in preventing spontaneous combustion of coal. Ensure the quality of coal: coal in the coal bunker usually needs to be stored for a long time, if not managed properly, it may lead to the decline in the quality of coal, such as sulphurisation, weathering and other phenomena, so it is necessary to ensure the quality of coal by strengthening the safety management of the coal bunker. Improve the eco...
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What is the difference between a single-layer reticulated shell and a double-layerreticulated shell?

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  The differences between single-layer reticulated shells and double-layer reticulated shells are as follows: Structural Configuration   Single-layer reticulated shell: Composed of a single layer of members, with the members directly connected to form a grid structure . The node configuration is relatively simple, typically employing rigid connections that allow the members to bear not only axial forces but also bending moments and shear forces.   Double-layer reticulated shell: Consists of upper and lower parallel layers of members connected by web members, forming a truss-like structural system. The nodes are generally hinged, and the members primarily bear axial forces. Its configuration is relatively complex, requiring more members and nodes to ensure structural stability and load-bearing capacity. Structure Single-layer mesh shell: composed of one layer of rods, the rods are directly connected to form a mesh structure, the node structure is relatively simple, usually...
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Suspension structures

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 A suspension structure is a structural form that carries roof loads through a series of high-strength steel cables. Its main load-bearing member is the cables, which are usually steel cables made of high-strength steel wires. The roof of the suspension structure is generally light and thin, and its shape can be very flexible, able to realize the large span across. For example, in the roofs of some large conference centers or exhibition halls, the suspension structure can create unique shapes such as double-curved paraboloid or single-curved paraboloid, which make the building have a strong artistic influence. Suspension structures require a stable support structure to anchor the steel cables, usually using reinforced concrete columns or steel columns as support. And in order to ensure the stability of the structure, it is also necessary to set a certain amount of prestressing, so that the steel cables are in a tensioned state before they are subjected to loads. Scope of applicatio...
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