Bolted Spherical Grid Structures in the Design of Large-Span Roof Structures
Large-span roof structures play a significant role in modern architecture, particularly in sports venues, exhibition centres, and industrial plants. Bolted spherical grid structures, as an efficient spatial grid structure, have gained widespread application in large-span roof projects due to their lightweight design, high load-bearing capacity, and ease of construction.
I.Structural design features of bolted ball grid structures
Bolted ball grid structures consist of ball nodes and members connected by bolts to form a three-dimensional spatial load-bearing system. Their structural design features the following characteristics:
Lightweight and high load-bearing capacity: The members of bolted ball grid structures are typically made of steel pipes or round bars with small cross-sectional dimensions, resulting in a lightweight overall structure. However, through reasonable member arrangement and node design, they can withstand significant loads.
Convenient construction: The members and nodes of bolted ball grid structures are prefabricated components, requiring only assembly and connection on-site, thereby reducing welding work and improving construction efficiency.
High adaptability: Bolted ball grid structures are suitable for roof designs of various spans and shapes, meeting the functional requirements of different buildings.
In large-span roof designs, bolted ball grid structures are typically used in conjunction with purlins, roof panels, and other components to form a complete roof system. During design, factors such as load distribution, node stiffness, and member stability must be comprehensively considered to ensure structural safety and economic efficiency.
II. Typical Application Cases Abroad
Michigan Stadium, United States
The roof of Michigan Stadium features a double-layer bolted sphere grid structure with a span of 200 metres. Through optimised member layout and node design, this structure not only meets the load-bearing requirements of a large-span roof but also provides the building with a unique visual effect.
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| Michigan Stadium, United States |
Düsseldorf Exhibition Centre, Germany
The roof of the Düsseldorf Exhibition Centre employs a single-layer bolted sphere truss structure with a span exceeding 150 metres. Through modular prefabrication and assembly techniques, the bolted sphere truss demonstrated exceptional efficiency during construction, significantly reducing the construction schedule.
Sapporo Snow Festival Main Venue, Japan
The roof of this building combines a bolted sphere grid structure with a membrane structure, spanning 100 metres. The bolted sphere grid structure provides a stable support system for the membrane structure, while optimised node design enhances the structure's seismic performance.
III. Future Development Trends
With the continuous advancement of construction technology, the application prospects of bolted ball grid structures in large-span roofs are becoming increasingly promising. In the future, their development trends will primarily manifest in the following areas:
Intelligent Design: Utilising BIM technology, finite element analysis, and other methods to achieve intelligent design and optimisation of bolted sphere truss systems, thereby enhancing structural economy and safety.
Modular Construction: Adopting modular prefabrication and assembly techniques to further improve the construction efficiency and quality of bolted sphere truss systems.
Green and Environmentally Friendly: Emphasising green and environmentally friendly practices in material selection and construction processes, using recyclable materials and energy-saving construction techniques to minimise environmental impact.
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