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Key Design Considerations for Steel Silo Projects

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  Steel silos are critical storage infrastructure for industrial, mining, and agricultural operations, used to safely store bulk materials such as coal, cement, grains, and ores. Unlike ordinary storage structures, steel silo projects require rigorous design planning to ensure structural stability, material storage safety, operational efficiency, and long-term durability—especially since they bear heavy loads, face harsh industrial environments, and need to adapt to different bulk material properties. For project contractors, facility managers, and design teams, mastering the key design considerations of steel silo projects is essential to avoid design flaws, reduce construction and maintenance costs, and ensure the silo meets operational needs. Below, we break down the core design considerations for steel silo projects, focusing on practicality and industrial applicability, tailored to the characteristics of steel structures and bulk material storage. 1. Bulk Material Properties...
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What are the options for building a mosque for 5,000 people in Saudi Arabia?

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I. Design codes and loading requirements

💖1. Saudi Building Code (SBC 301) Core Parameters

Seismic design: according to Class II site category, seismic acceleration of 0.25g, seismic force calculation using the equivalent lateral force method, the main structure displacement angle limit of 1/200.

Wind load: basic wind pressure is 0.75kN/m² (100-year return period), equivalent wind pressure is 1.2kN/m² after considering height coefficient, local wind suction coefficient is 1.5.

Snow load: reference to the historical data of Mecca area, the additional roof load is calculated as 0.5kN/m².

💖2. Functional space indicators

1.5000 people worship space needs main hall net area ≥3500m² (calculated at 0.7m²/person).

2.suggests a 45m x 80m rectangular plan, with a central dome 30m in diameter, flanked by wavy vaults.

II. Specialised disaster-resistant design 

    💖1. Wind-resistant design

1. Installation of deflector plate (angle 25°) in the gable to reduce vortex vibration.

        2. Experimentally verified by Xuzhou Sufang Wind Tunnel: the wind pressure                  coefficient is reduced by 37% when the wind angle is 45°.


💖2. Seismic construction

1. Adopt double lateral force-resisting system: central dome as rigid frame + peripheral arch as articulated support

2. Viscous dampers (damping coefficient C=2500kN-s/m) are set up at 1/4 of the span.

III.Recommended technology mix programmes

💖body structure:Single-layer mesh shell + space truss arch on both sides
هيكل الجسم: غلاف شبكي أحادي الطبقة + قوس دعامة فراغي على كلا الجانبين

💖protective structure:Aluminium-magnesium-manganese panels with vertical locking edges + photovoltaic
هيكل واقي: ألواح من الألومنيوم والمغنيسيوم والمنغنيز مع حواف قفل عمودية + خلايا كهروضوئية

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