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Why is steel construction the preferred choice for large-span spatial structures?

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When gazing upon grand stadiums , airport terminals, or exhibition centers, we are often awestruck by their vast spaces. Behind such large-span structures lies a nearly universal choice—steel construction. This is no coincidence, but stems from steel's unparalleled engineering advantages. stadium High Strength, Lightweight: Pushing Boundaries Beyond Limits The core advantage of steel lies in its perfect blend of exceptional strength and lightweight properties. Compared to concrete, steel boasts an outstanding strength-to-weight ratio. This means that for buildings requiring vast column-free spaces, steel structures can achieve greater spans with smaller member cross-sections, significantly reducing the building's self-weight. Consequently, foundation requirements are lowered, enabling the ultimate liberation of space in a cost-effective manner. Exceptional Performance, Conquering Complex Challenges Steel's outstanding toughness and ductility enable it to better withstand dy...

Features of truss

 



From the perspective of material layout (or distribution), the truss can be regarded as a latticed beam as a whole, and its overall mechanical performance is similar to that of the beam. In the detail structure, each rod is used to re-direct the force flow (the nodes between the rods are not overlapped, and the bending moment cannot be transferred), and the overall layout is basically consistent with the main stress trace. Each rod is a secondary force rod, which is only subjected to tension and compression

Truss, especially space pipe truss, is often made into arch. However, at this time, the arch is not a pure pressure arch, and the whole arch is still dominated by bending. We can also consider it as a curved beam in a certain sense. Of course, arch camber can increase the span capacity, and the role of "axial force" in the "beam" can not be ignored at this time, but in most cases, especially when the rise-span ratio is small, the bending is still the main part.

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