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How do China, the United States and Europe account for accidental eccentricity in seismic design?

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  Regulations and Methods for Considering Accidental Eccentricity Effects in Seismic Design in China, the United States and Europe 1. Regulatory Basis ● China The Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) stipulates that accidental eccentricity must account for uncertainties in structural mass distribution, stiffness distribution, and spatial variations in seismic motion. Torsional effects shall be calculated using either static or dynamic methods. ● United States ASCE 7-22 (American Society of Civil Engineers Standard) requires consideration of accidental torsional effects, typically calculated using static methods, with verification through dynamic analysis results. ● Europe Eurocode 8 (EN 1998-1:2004) simulates the misalignment between mass centres and stiffness centres by introducing accidental eccentricity, and mandates consideration of the effects of bidirectional seismic actions . 2. Definition and Values of Random Eccentricity ● China Eccentricity: ±5% of the ...

The advantages of glass domes

 The advantages of glass domes include:

 

dome roof

1. Natural lighting: Glass domes allow natural light to enter the room through the glass, providing ample natural lighting, reducing reliance on electric lighting and saving energy consumption.

 

2. Wide field of vision: glass domes can provide a full range of indoor and outdoor vision, allowing people to enjoy the surrounding scenery, increasing the sense of space and openness.

 

3. air circulation: glass dome can provide good ventilation, through natural convection, so that air circulation, improve indoor air quality, increase comfort.

 

4. Aesthetics and atmosphere: glass domes have high transparency and gloss, which can add a beautiful and atmospheric appearance to the building and enhance the overall image and value of the building.

 

5. Thermal effect: glass dome can keep indoor warm in winter, make full use of solar energy and reduce energy consumption; while in summer, it can reduce the rise of indoor temperature and improve indoor comfort through appropriate shading measures.

 

6. Integration with nature: glass domes can make the indoor and outdoor environments more integrated, allowing people to get closer to nature and enjoy the feeling of sunshine, rain and other natural elements.

 

7. Sustainable development: glass domes can be made of renewable materials and can be recycled when dismantled, reducing the negative impact on the environment, in line with the concept of sustainable development.

 

In conclusion, glass domes create a more comfortable, beautiful and environmentally friendly indoor environment for buildings by providing natural lighting, open views, good ventilation, beautiful appearance and other advantages.

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