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What is a shear key in steel structures?

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 In steel structure engineering , the column base connection serves as the pivotal interface linking the superstructure to the concrete foundation below. It must safely and reliably transmit various loads from the upper structure: vertical pressure , uplift forces , bending moments , and horizontal shear forces . When horizontal shear forces become substantial, the friction alone between the column base plate and the concrete foundation surface proves insufficient to resist them. At this juncture, a critical small component becomes indispensable—the shear key . Shear keys, as the name suggests, are structural steel connection components specifically designed to resist and transmit horizontal shear forces. Essentially, they are short steel members. Installation location: Typically welded or anchored to the base plate of a steel column (or other load-bearing components such as equipment supports ), with its lower end embedded in the concrete foundation or concrete structure cast ...
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What are the applications of higher-order hyperstatic structure in architecture?

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 The application of higher-order hyperstatic structure in construction is very wide, mainly because it has the characteristics of excess constraint, geometric invariance, complex force state, various structural forms, good stability and strong adjustment ability, etc., which can satisfy the high requirements of modern construction for structural stability, load carrying capacity and safety. The following are some specific application examples:

I. Bridge engineering

Bridges are one of the important fields for the application of high superstatic structures. Through the use of higher-order hyperstatic structure, the stability and bearing capacity of the bridge can be increased, so that it can withstand larger loads and deformation.

III. large-span building



Large-span buildings are also an important field for the application of high superstatic structures. With the continuous development of modern construction technology, people's demand for building space is getting bigger and bigger, so the design and construction of large-span buildings become more and more important. The higher-order hyperstatic structure can meet the needs of large-span buildings for structural stability and load-bearing capacity. For example, in large-span buildings such as gymnasiums, exhibition halls, etc., complex truss structures and other higher-order hyperstatic structures can be used to improve the safety and aesthetics of the buildings.

III. Complex Truss Structure

Complex truss structure is an important form of higher-order hyperstatic structure. The design of complex truss structure can greatly reduce the self-weight of the structure, so as to reduce the material consumption and construction cost. At the same time, due to its strong bearing capacity, it can meet the application requirements of large span and high load. In the field of construction, complex truss structure is often used in large-span buildings, stadiums and other places to improve the safety and aesthetics of buildings.



Other Applications

In addition to bridges, large-span buildings and complex truss structures, high sub-superstatic structures are also widely used in other building types. For example, in high-rise buildings, in order to increase the stability and seismic performance of the structure, the form of high-order super-static structure can be used; in tunnel engineering, in order to enhance the bearing capacity and stability of the tunnel, the high-order super-static structure can also be used, and so on.

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