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目前显示的是 三月, 2023的博文

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How do China, the United States and Europe account for accidental eccentricity in seismic design?

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  Regulations and Methods for Considering Accidental Eccentricity Effects in Seismic Design in China, the United States and Europe 1. Regulatory Basis ● China The Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) stipulates that accidental eccentricity must account for uncertainties in structural mass distribution, stiffness distribution, and spatial variations in seismic motion. Torsional effects shall be calculated using either static or dynamic methods. ● United States ASCE 7-22 (American Society of Civil Engineers Standard) requires consideration of accidental torsional effects, typically calculated using static methods, with verification through dynamic analysis results. ● Europe Eurocode 8 (EN 1998-1:2004) simulates the misalignment between mass centres and stiffness centres by introducing accidental eccentricity, and mandates consideration of the effects of bidirectional seismic actions . 2. Definition and Values of Random Eccentricity ● China Eccentricity: ±5% of the ...
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Steel Structure Welding Technology

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  Steel Structure Welding Technology Steel structure welding technology is the process of joining two or more metallic parts by heating and melting the surfaces to create a fusion between them. The welding process is widely used in the construction of steel structures such as bridges, buildings, and other infrastructure projects.   Steel Structure Welding Technology Welding Techniques for Steel Structures There are several welding techniques that are commonly used in the construction of steel structures. These techniques include:   Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Shielded metal arc welding, also known as stick welding, is a manual welding process that uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to create an electric arc between the electrode and the workpiece. The heat generated by the arc melts the workpiece and the electrode, creating a molten pool that cools to form a weld.   Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Gas metal arc welding, also known as MIG welding, is a semi...
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What are the national standards for steel materials?

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  There are different national standards for steel materials around the world, and the specific standards depend on the country and the intended use of the steel. Some examples of national standards for steel materials are: ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards: These are widely used in the United States and cover a wide range of steel products, including structural steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and tool steel. EN (European Norm) standards: These are developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and cover various types of steel products, including structural steel, stainless steel, and high-strength steel. JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) standards: These are developed by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee and cover various types of steel products, including carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, and tool steel. GB (Chinese National Standards) standards: These are developed by the Standardization Administra...
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What are the advantages of steel structure applied in gymnasium roofing?

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  Steel structures used in gymnasium roofing ? have the following advantages: gymnasium roof Large span: stadiums usually require a large span, and steel structures can achieve a large span design without the need for intermediate support columns, improving the viewing experience of the audience. Lightweight: Compared to traditional concrete structures, steel structures are lighter in weight, which reduces the load on the foundation, reduces the self-weight of the building, and lowers construction costs. Fast construction: Steel structures can be prefabricated in factories and then transported directly to the site for installation, resulting in faster construction, reduced on-site construction time, and reduced impact on the surrounding environment. Good durability: steel structure has high durability and corrosion resistance, which can ensure long-term stable operation of the stadium. High plasticity: Steel structure can be freely deformed according to different design requir...
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What are the different types of glass wool?

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  glass wool Glass wool is a popular insulation material made from recycled glass fibers. It is available in different types and forms, each designed for specific applications.  Here are the different types of glass wool: Unfaced Glass Wool: This type of glass wool does not have a facing material on either side and is typically used in areas where it will not be exposed to the elements. Faced Glass Wool: This type of glass wool has a facing material on one or both sides, typically made from kraft paper, foil, or a combination of both. Faced glass wool provides additional moisture resistance and improves thermal performance. Semi-rigid Glass Wool: This type of glass wool is denser and stiffer than traditional glass wool and is used in areas that require additional structural support, such as roofs and walls. Board Glass Wool: This type of glass wool is produced in board form and is used primarily for thermal and acoustic insulation of flat surfaces such as walls, roofs, and cei...
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