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How do China, the United States and Europe account for accidental eccentricity in seismic design?

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  Regulations and Methods for Considering Accidental Eccentricity Effects in Seismic Design in China, the United States and Europe 1. Regulatory Basis ● China The Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 50011-2010) stipulates that accidental eccentricity must account for uncertainties in structural mass distribution, stiffness distribution, and spatial variations in seismic motion. Torsional effects shall be calculated using either static or dynamic methods. ● United States ASCE 7-22 (American Society of Civil Engineers Standard) requires consideration of accidental torsional effects, typically calculated using static methods, with verification through dynamic analysis results. ● Europe Eurocode 8 (EN 1998-1:2004) simulates the misalignment between mass centres and stiffness centres by introducing accidental eccentricity, and mandates consideration of the effects of bidirectional seismic actions . 2. Definition and Values of Random Eccentricity ● China Eccentricity: ±5% of the ...

What are the advantages of steel structure applied in gymnasium roofing?

 Steel structures used in gymnasium roofing? have the following advantages:

gymnasium roof

  • Large span: stadiums usually require a large span, and steel structures can achieve a large span design without the need for intermediate support columns, improving the viewing experience of the audience.
  • Lightweight: Compared to traditional concrete structures, steel structures are lighter in weight, which reduces the load on the foundation, reduces the self-weight of the building, and lowers construction costs.
  • Fast construction: Steel structures can be prefabricated in factories and then transported directly to the site for installation, resulting in faster construction, reduced on-site construction time, and reduced impact on the surrounding environment.
  • Good durability: steel structure has high durability and corrosion resistance, which can ensure long-term stable operation of the stadium.
  • High plasticity: Steel structure can be freely deformed according to different design requirements, which has strong plasticity and can create colorful architectural forms.
  • Environmental sustainability: steel structure can be recycled, with good environmental sustainability, in line with the development trend of modern architecture.

In summary, steel structure applied in gymnasium roof has the advantages of large span, light weight, fast construction, good durability, high plasticity, environmental sustainability, etc., which is a more ideal gymnasium roof structure.

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